See your real take-home pay.
What's left after federal tax, FICA, state tax, and pre-tax deductions, on the 2026 IRS brackets.
Calculate yours ↓Take-home pay, monthly
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How Your Paycheck Deductions Work
Most employees see several categories of deductions on every paycheck. Understanding what each one is helps you verify your paycheck is correct and plan your finances accurately.
Federal Income Tax
Calculated using IRS progressive brackets. The rate you pay depends on your taxable income and filing status. More income = higher marginal rate, but only on income above each bracket threshold.
Social Security (OASDI)
A flat 6.2% on wages up to $184,500 in 2026 (the Social Security wage base). Income above this cap is not subject to Social Security tax.
Medicare (HI)
A flat 1.45% on all wages, with no income cap. Earners above $200,000 (single) pay an additional 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax, employees are responsible for this when filing their annual return.
State Income Tax
Varies dramatically by state, from 0% (Texas, Florida, Washington) to 13.30% at the top bracket (California). Most states use progressive brackets similar to federal tax.
Pre-Tax Deductions
Contributions to 401(k), health insurance premiums (if employer-sponsored), FSA/HSA contributions, and commuter benefits reduce your taxable income before federal and state taxes are calculated.
Post-Tax Deductions
Roth 401(k) contributions, certain life insurance premiums, union dues, and wage garnishments come out after taxes are calculated. They reduce your take-home pay but not your taxable income.
How Federal Withholding Is Calculated
Federal income tax withholding follows a process described in IRS Publication 15-T: adjust gross wages for pre-tax deductions, apply the employee's W-4 withholding adjustments, look up the tentative withholding amount in the bracket table, then add any additional withholding the employee elected. FICA taxes are computed separately as flat percentages applied to gross wages.
| Tax | Employee Rate | Wage Cap (2026) |
|---|---|---|
| Social Security | 6.2% | $184,500 |
| Medicare | 1.45% | None |
| Additional Medicare | 0.9% | Wages > $200,000 (single filers) |
| Federal Income Tax | 10%–37% | No cap (progressive brackets) |
Pre-tax deductions, 401(k) contributions, employer-sponsored health insurance premiums, FSA/HSA deposits, reduce the taxable wage base before both income tax and (for most types) FICA calculations. This is why increasing a 401(k) contribution reduces take-home pay by less than the contribution amount. Use the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator for a precise annual check.